In order to determine risk to human or ecological receptors associated with contamination in soil or groundwater, the extent of the contamination must be known/defined for accurate calculation of risk. The calculation of the lead Site Specific Standard for shallow soil used risk-based calculations utilizing the updated Adult Lead Model and exposure assumptions recommended by the USEPA and the PADEP. This approach was appropriate since the extent of lead in soil had been defined. The two RIRs that were not approved were due to need for additional wells to better define off-site migration of groundwater plumes, not lead in soil.